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Mai nā Waiwai Kemika a i nā Kumumanaʻo Hana: Ke hoʻomaopopo nei i ka 1-methylcyclopropene

1-Methylcyclopropene(CAS No. 3100-04-7, i hoʻopōkole ʻia ʻo 1-MCP). Mai kahi kuanaʻike kemika, ʻo 1-MCP kahi hui olefin cyclic liʻiliʻi e ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he kinoea kala ʻole i ka mahana o ka lumi. He maʻalahi kona ʻano molekala akā he hana olaola kū hoʻokahi kona - hiki iā ia ke "ālai" pololei i ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā hōʻailona ethylene i loko o nā mea kanu.

Hana ʻo Ethylene e like me ke "luna hoʻomāʻa" no nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu, e hoʻolalelale ana i ko lākou palupalu, hoʻololi ʻana i ke kala a me ka pala. Ua like loa ke ʻano molekala o 1-MCP me ko ethylene a hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā mea loaʻa ethylene ma luna o ka ʻili o nā cell mea kanu ma mua, e hana ana i kahi "kūlana paʻa". Ua like kēia hui pū ʻana me ke kau ʻana i kahi "mahiole palekana" ma luna o ka mea loaʻa ethylene, e pale ana i ka ethylene maoli mai ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka oʻo ʻana a pēlā e hoʻopaneʻe ai i ke kaʻina hana ma hope o ka oʻo ʻana o nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu.

He mea kūpono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻana he ʻano ko 1-Methylcyclopropene 1-MCP o ka "kūpono kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa". Hōʻike nā ʻikepili hoʻokolohua he hiki i ka nui o 0.1 a 1 microliter wale nō i kēlā me kēia lita ke hana i kahi hopena mālama koʻikoʻi i ka hapa nui o nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu. Eia kekahi, he maʻalahi ke palaho i loko o ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe a ʻaʻole e noho i loko o ka lepo a i ʻole ka wai no ka manawa lōʻihi, kahi e hoʻokō ai i nā pono hoʻomohala o ka mahiʻai ʻōmaʻomaʻo. I kēia manawa, ua ʻae ʻia ma mua o 30 mau ʻāina a me nā ʻāpana a puni ka honua i kāna noi ma ke kahua mahiʻai. Ua hoʻokomo pū ʻo Kina iā ia i loko o ka māhele o nā mea hoʻoponopono ulu mea kanu i ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka "Food Additive Use Standard".

Versatile: ʻO ke "Kahu o ka Hou" mai ke kula a i ka papa ʻaina

Ma nā hana maoli, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana oPauka 1-MCPua uhi i ke kaulahao holoʻokoʻa o ka hana ʻana i nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu, ka mālama ʻana, ka halihali ʻana a me ke kūʻai aku ʻana, e lilo ana i "kahu mālama" koʻikoʻi i ke kaulahao hoʻolako huahana mahiʻai.

Kahua mālama: E hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa hou a hōʻemi i ka nalowale

I ka wā ma mua, ʻoiai inā mālama ʻia nā ʻāpala i loko o kahi mālama anu ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana, e hāʻule ka nui o nā hua maikaʻi i 70% ma hope o ʻelua mahina. I kēia manawa, me ka mālama ʻana iā 1-MCP, hiki ke mālama ʻia ka nui o nā hua maikaʻi ma 92% ma hope o 4 mahina. Wahi a nā helu helu, ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o 1-Methylcyclopropene ma nā hua pectin e like me nā ʻāpala a me nā pea, ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka manawa mālama awelika e 2 a 3 mau manawa, a ua hoʻemi ʻia ka pohō makahiki ma mua o 3 miliona tone.

Loulou halihali: E uhaʻi i nā "palena manawa a me ka wahi" a hoʻonui i ke anawaena kūʻai aku

Me ke kōkua o ka ʻenehana 1-Methylcyclopropene 1-MCP, ua komo pono nā mango o ka hui hana i nā mākeke ʻākau e like me Heilongjiang lāua ʻo Jilin, me ka piʻi ʻana o ke kūʻai aku i kēlā me kēia makahiki he 40%. Ma ka ʻāpana hoʻokuʻu aku, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kuleana o ka methylcyclopropene. Ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia aku nā cherries Kina i nā ʻāina ʻo Asia Hikina Hema, ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me 1-MCP, ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ke ola papa mai 3 mau lā a i 10 mau lā, a ʻo ka awelika o ka ulu makahiki o ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu aku he 25%.

ʻĀpana kūʻai liʻiliʻi: E mālama i ka hou a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻike o ka mea kūʻai aku

I ke komo ʻana i ka ʻāpana huaʻai a me nā mea kanu o kahi hale kūʻai nui, ua hōʻailona ʻia nā hua kiwi, nā ʻōpena, nā ʻāpala a me nā hua ʻē aʻe ma nā papa me ka "1-MCP preservation treatment". Nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu i mālama ʻia me1-Methylcyclopropeneua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka lōʻihi o ke ola papa ma waena o 5 a 7 mau lā a hiki ke mālama i ka ʻono a me ke ʻano maikaʻi. ʻAʻole wale ka hoʻemi ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōpala, akā hiki i nā mea kūʻai ke kūʻai aku i nā ʻōpena hou, a ua piʻi ka nui o ke kūʻai hou ʻana ma 18%.

He mea hoʻohiki ka wā e hiki mai ana: Hoʻonui ka hana hou ʻenehana i nā palena o ka noi

Me ka holomua o ka noiʻi ʻenehana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ke hoʻonui mau nei nā hiʻohiʻona noi o 1-MCP. Ma waho aʻe o nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu maʻamau, ua hoʻohana pono ʻia i kēia manawa ma ke kahua o ka mālama ʻana i nā pua. Ua hoʻolaha ʻia kēia ʻenehana i nā ʻano pua ʻokiʻoki nui e like me nā carnations a me nā līlia, e hōʻemi pono ana i ka nalowale o nā pua i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana a me ke kūʻai aku.

I kēia manawa, no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka palekana a me ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana, ua hoʻolauna pū ka ʻoihana i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā huahana 1-MCP. Ma waho aʻe o nā mea hoʻokuʻu kinoea kuʻuna, ua lilo mālie nā huahana hoʻokuʻu paʻa a me nā papa i mea nui ma ka mākeke. ʻAʻole pono kēia mau huahana i nā lako hana ʻoihana, a hiki i nā mahiʻai ke hoʻohana maʻalahi iā lākou ma ka home.

1-Methylcyclopropeneʻaʻole wale ia he mea mālama akā he "hoʻoikaika ʻenehana" hoʻi no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hoʻomohala mahiʻai kiʻekiʻe. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻoikaika hou ʻia ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka ʻenehana noi 1-MCP, e alakaʻi ana i nā ʻoihana e hoʻohana iā ia ma ke ʻano maʻamau, i hiki ai i kēia "ʻenehana mālama" ke lawelawe maikaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka loaʻa kālā o nā mahiʻai, nā pono o nā mea kūʻai aku a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaulahao lako huahana mahiʻai.

He palekana anei ka 1-methylcyclopropene?

He "code mālama" haʻahaʻa ka ʻawahia a me ka maikaʻi loa ka 1-methylcyclopropene. He olefin cyclic liʻiliʻi ka methylcyclopropene he kinoea kala ʻole i ka mahana o ka lumi. Aia kona ʻano hana nui i ka "pale ʻana i nā hōʻailona ethylene". Hōʻike ka ʻikepili loea e hiki i ka ethylene, ma ke ʻano he "hormone pala" no nā mea kanu, ke hoʻolalelale i ka hoʻomāʻū ʻana a me ka palupalu ʻana o nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu. Hiki i ka 1-MCP ke hoʻopaʻa mua i nā mea loaʻa ethylene a pale i nā wahi no ka manawa lōʻihi, e pale ana i ke kaʻina pala mai ke kumu, hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola papa o nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu ma 50% a 200%.

ʻO ka mea e pono ai ke nānā aku, ʻo ia ka ʻikepili palekana: ʻo ka ʻawaʻawa nui o ka waha a me ka transdermal LD50 ʻoi aku ma mua o 5000mg/kg, e hoʻokō ana i ke kūlana hoʻokaʻawale "ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe ʻawaʻawa". ʻO ka waiwai ADI (ka lawe ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā i ʻae ʻia) he 0.0009mg/kg o ke kaumaha o ke kino. Ua ʻae ʻia ka 1-Methylcyclopropene no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma mua o 30 mau ʻāina e like me Kina, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ʻEulopa. Hōʻike ka noiʻi he haʻahaʻa loa ke koena o 1-MCP i nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu a he maʻalahi ke palaho. Ma lalo o ka hoʻohana maʻamau, ʻaʻole ia he mea hoʻoweliweli i ke olakino kanaka.

He loea ʻo UnilongNā mea hoʻolako 1-methylcyclopropene. Hiki i ka maʻemaʻe o ka pauka 1-mcp a mākou e hana ai ke hōʻea i ka 3.7%. Ua ʻike maopopo ʻia ʻo ke kūlana ʻoihana no ka maʻemaʻe o 1-mcp he 3.3%. I kēia manawa, hiki iā mākou ke hāʻawi i nā micro-doses a me nā pūʻolo liʻiliʻi o 0.035%. He molekole kinoea ka 1-MCP i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā papa kūʻai nui a i ʻole nā ​​pahu huaʻai. Ma hope o ka hana ʻana, e hoʻopuehu loa ia a ʻaʻohe koena kemika e waiho ana ma nā huahana.ʻo